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News: Cardinal Nasrallah Butros Sfeir, spiritual leader during Lebanese civil war, dies at 98



Cardinal Nasrallah Sfeir was the former leader of the Maronite Church, Lebanon’s largest Christian community. (Wael Hamzeh/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock)


ishtartv.com - washingtonpost.com

By Zeina Karam

May 12 at 11:39 AM

 

Cardinal Nasrallah Butros Sfeir, who served as spiritual leader of Lebanon’s largest Christian community during some of the worst days of the country’s 1975-1990 civil war, died May 12 at a hospital in Beirut. He was 98.

His death was announced in a statement by the Maronite Church, which he led as patriarch from 1986 until his resignation in 2011. Cardinal Sfeir had been hospitalized two weeks ago with a chest infection.

“The Maronite Church is orphaned and Lebanon is in sadness,” the church said. Cardinal Bechara Rai, who succeeded Cardinal Sfeir, called on churches to ring their bells and hold prayers for the late leader, who would have turned 99 on Wednesday.

Later Sunday, Lebanese politicians and Muslim and Christian religious figures visited the headquarters of the Maronite church in the village of Bkerke, north of Beirut, to pay condolences. The Lebanese government declared two days of mourning starting Wednesday, during which flags will be flown at half-staff.

An outspoken and fiery personality, Cardinal Sfeir was one of the most prominent and high-ranking Christian leaders in the mostly Muslim Middle East. He played a key role in shaping the postwar politics of Lebanon, the only Arab country with a Christian head of state. Lebanon has the largest percentage of Christians in the region — a third of its 4 million people, with Maronite Catholics being the largest sect.

Cardinal Sfeir spearheaded an opposition movement calling for the withdrawal of thousands of Syrian forces from Lebanon in the 1990s, and brokered a historic reconciliation in the Chouf Mountains between Lebanon’s Maronites and members of the Druze sect in August 2001. He then famously visited the Chouf Mountains, scene of some of the worst sectarian massacres of the civil war, after brokering the peace deal.

“Farewell to the patriarch of independence, reconciliation, love and peace,” Druze leader Walid Joumblatt, who worked out the reconciliation with Sfeir, tweeted Sunday.

Cardinal Sfeir was born in the village of Rayfoun, north of Beirut, on May 15, 1920, and studied philosophy and theology at St. Joseph University in Beirut. After being ordained a priest in 1950, he served in several positions within the church before being ordained as a bishop in 1961. Over the next 25 years, he served as patriarchal vicar and secretary to the Maronite patriarchate.

In April 1986, he became the 76th patriarch of the Maronite Church, taking over a country in ashes at the height of its brutal 15-year civil war, which killed around 150,000 people.

There was a mass protest by Maronites against Cardinal Sfeir in November 1989, denouncing his support for the Taif Accord, which brought Lebanon’s civil war to an end the next year under Syrian supervision. Outraged supporters of then-Prime Minister Michel Aoun, a general who at the time was against Syrian involvement, and who opposed the accord, burned tires outside several churches and stormed the patriarchal residence, assaulting Cardinal Sfeir and forcing him to kiss Aoun’s picture.

In the early 1990s, Cardinal Sfeir stepped in to fill a leadership vacuum when the country’s defeated Christian political leaders were either in exile or imprisoned. He emerged as an outspoken critic of Syria’s military presence in Lebanon, which he called an occupation, and sponsored the so-called Kornet Chehwan gathering, a coalition of Christian politicians and intellectuals that lobbied against Syria’s heavy-handed presence in Lebanon.

In 2001 he embarked on a tour of the United States and Canada, campaigning for assistance against Syria.

Syrian troops withdrew from Lebanon in 2005, two months after the assassination of former prime minister Rafiq al-Hariri, which had led to widespread anti-Syrian protests.

After the Syrian withdrawal, many in Lebanon started referring to Cardinal Sfeir as the “patriarch of the second independence.” Lebanon gained its independence from being a French Mandate in 1943.

 






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